时态
目前完成时
构成：目前完成时由助动词have + 过去分词构成，助动词have 有人称和数的变化。第三人称单数用has，其余用have.
目前完成时的否定式直接在助动词后面加上not、疑问式是把助动词提到主语之前。以study 为例，其否定式、疑问式和简单回答形式如下：
否定式 | 疑问式 |
I have not studied…. | Have I studied…? |
You have not studied…. | Have you studied…? |
He has not studied…. | Has he studied…? |
否定疑问式 | 简单回答（一定/否定） |
Have I not studied…? | Yes, you have. No, you haven’t. |
Have you not studied…? | Yes, I have. No, I haven’t. |
Has he not studied…? | Yes, he has. No, he hasn’t. |
考试知识点：have gone to/ have been to/ have been in 的使用方法
Have been to 用来表示“去过某地（已经回来了）”，后接地名。如：
They have been to the USA before. 他们以前去过美国。
Where have you been? 你去过哪儿？
He hasn’t been to Beijing. 他没去过北京。
注意：大家说have been there , 但不可以说have been to there. 注意副词前面不可有介词。
‚ Have gone to 表示“去了某地（还没有回来）”，后接地名。如：
She has gone to Beijing. 她已经去了北京。
ƒ Have been in 表示“呆在某地”。
She has been in Beijing for 3 years. 她呆在北京三年了。
重点：目前完成时的句子中，常常用到副词__________
already : 表示动作发生于目前之前，距离目前时间较长，坐落于句中。
He went to the USA two years ago and came back a year ago. 他两年前去了美国，一年前回来了。
‚ just: 表示动作发生于目前之前，但距离目前时间较短，坐落于句中
Susan went to the UK two years ago and came back yesterday. Susan has just been to the UK. 苏珊两周前去了英国，昨天回来。 苏珊刚刚去英国。
ƒ yet: 表示目前之前动作没发生，但以后大概发生。坐落于句末。
I want to visit Singapore very much but I haven’t been there yet. 我非常想去新加坡，但我还没有去过。
注意：yet 可以用在否定句和一般疑问句中，如：
Have you been to Singapore yet? 你去过新加坡了吗？
——No，I haven’t been there yet. 不，我还没有去过。
__________
【课堂小练】
1. My father isn't here now. He ___Shanghai. He ___ there twice.
A. has gone; has been B. has gone to; has been to
has been to; has gone D. has gone to; has been
2. -Hi! Bruce. I haven’t seen you for three weeks.
-Hi! George. I___ America.
have gone to B. went to C. have been to D. have been in
3. My uncle___ London for five years. But he will be back next year.
went B. has been in C. has gone D. has gone to
4. -Could I speak to Mrs. Black, please?
-Sorry, she ___ to the library.
is going B. has gone C. has been D. will to
5. Peter is young, but he___ many foreign countries.
has been in B. has gone to C went to D. has been to
一般以后时
1. 一般以后时的意思: 一般以后时主要表示将要发生的动作或事件。
2. 一般以后时的使用方法：
1) 主语十shall/will+ do
注意：shall 用于第一人称，常被will 所代替。
will 在陈述句中用于各种人称，在征求建议时常用于第二人称。
I shall get there early.我会早点过去。
They will have a meeting tomorrow.明天他们将开会。
2) 主语 + be going to + do
a. 主语的意图，马上做某事
We are going to have a picnic in the park this weekend.
这周末大家要去公园野餐。
b. 计划，安排要发生的事
The play is going to be produced next month.
这个戏下月开播。
c. 有征兆要发生的事
Look at the black clouds, there is going to be a storm.
3）一般以后时的时间标志有：
tomorrow, soon, this evening, tonight, this weekend, in two days, in 2016, next week等。
I will finish my work in two days。我将在两天内完成工作。
We will take part in Mary’s birthday party tonight。
大家今天晚上要参加玛丽的过生日派对。
4) 一般以后时的句式变化：
a. 一般以后时的否定句：在be动词或者will后面直接加not.比如：
He won’t go out because it is raining. 他不会出去的，由于外面在下雨。
He isn’t going to play the piano this evening. 他今晚将不会弹钢琴。
b.一般以后时的一般疑问句：直接将be动词或will提前放到句首。比如：
Will you have a test next week? 你们下周有考试吗？
Are you going to join us? 你要加入大家吗？
c.一般以后时的特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词开头，后面加一般疑问句。比如：
When will you finish your homework? 你什么时间完成你的作业？
= When are you going to finish your homework?
【课堂小练】
Ⅰ. Choose the best answer.
1. Eddie__________ trees this weekend.
A. be going to plant B. will plant
C. will planting D. will be plant
2. __________I with you? Sure.
A. Shall ... go B. Will ... go
C. Can . . . going D. Am... going
3. —__________you free tomorrow?
— No. I__________ free the day after tomorrow.
Are . . . going to .. . will B. Are ... going to be .. . will
C. Are .. . going to be . . . will be D. Are...going to...will be
4. If Mr. Black comes, we__________ a meeting.
A. have B. will have
C. going to have D. will be having
5. Simon__________ here next month.
A. isn't working B. shall work
C. isn't going to work D. will be work
6. My parents will go to see a film__________.
A. that morning B. this weekend
C. last night D. yesterday
7. What are the boys going to do this afternoon?
A. They are going to a flower show. B. They go to the park.
C. They are watching TV. D. They went to the park.
8. __________will her aunt do tomorrow?
A. Where B. When
C. What D. How
9. There__________ a dolphin show in the zoo tomorrow evening.
A. is B. will have
C. is going to be D. will be having
10. Mother__________ me a nice present on my next birthday.
A. will gives B. will give
C. gives D. is giving
Ⅱ. Fill in the blanks.
1. I________ to Beijing in three days.
2. My mother________ here tonight.
3. It________ the day after tomorrow.
4. I________ an English class next week.
5. What their teacher next month?
6. You football games next Sunday.
7. That boy to school soon.
8. My parents me to the park this weekend.
Ⅲ. Rewrite the following sentences.
1. Mrs. Smith is going to buy __________.
2. They will have a meeting at 2:30 this afternoon.
3. __________ will be our Chinese teacher.
4. The boys are going to see a film on Children's Day.
5. Her brother is going to __________ this Saturday evening.
课堂训练
Ⅰ. Choose the best answer
1．The book __________me ten yuan·
A．spend B．cosplayt C．eat D-take
2．Jerry is my best friend．He often __________ his food with me·
A．share B．sharing C．shares D．to share
3．Peter often plays __________ football with his friends on Sunday。
A．the B．a C．an D·／
4．Father's Day is coming．Let’s make a cake __________ our father．
A．for B．with C．to D·from
5．Have you ever __________ Dragon Bay?
A．gone to B．been to C．been in D.gone in
6．It’s 4 o'clock．Let __________ go home together，OK?
A．we B．our C．us D.their
7．__________ do you usually go to school?
A．What B．How C．When D.Where ．
8．Amy has __________ been to the North Bay·
A．yet B．often C．always D．already
9．一__________ are your storybooks?
一Fifteen yuan．
A．What B．How many C How much D．How
10．My house is __________ my school, so I often walk to school．
A．far away from B．near C．far away D．near away
11．Jim is very __________ to me，so I like him very much．
A．lucky B. far C . naughty D．Kind
12．We promise __________ the environment．
A．pollute B．not to pollute C．pollutes D．to not pollute
l3．Tommy has got many birthday presents __________ his friends and relatives．
A．for B．after C．at D．from
14．You mustn’t __________ the rubbish there；you should put it into the rubbish bin．
A．1eave B．put C．take D．Tell
15．There is not __________ in the fridge．
A．enough food B．food enough C．many food D．few food
Ⅱ. Complete the sentences with the given words in their proper forms．
1．In summer, we can go __________ in the sea．
2．You should not __________ late for school next time，Jimmy．
3. Mike often helps me with my English．He is very ____________________
4．It’ll be Grandpa’s __________ birthday tomorrow．
5．It is an __________ day today．It’s Teachers’ Day．
6．Alice is__________ good friend．We often play together．
7．We should always help __________．
8．Look! The two girls are __________ tennis now!
9. Mary always __________ hard，and she never gets angry．
10．How many __________ are there in your family?
11．What __________ do you do with your aunt?
12．__________ of the Earth look after the environment．
13．We should __________ the bottles．
Ⅲ．Rewrite the sentences as required
__________ __________Winnie __________ for the first time?
2．I've been to Seaside Town on Lucky Island．
__________ you __________to Seaside Town on Lucky Island?
3．We are going to Green Market by bike．
We are going to __________ __________ to Green Market．
4．Our English class often begins __________ ．
__________ __________ does your English class often __________ ?
5．This is a photo of my mother and me．
__________ __________a photo of my mother and me．
Ⅳ. Choose the words or expressions and complete the passage.
True or False（判断下列句子是不是符合短文意思，符适用“T”表示，不符适用“F”表示）
One night, when we were studying quietly in the classroom, suddenly a bird flew in through an open window. Someone called out, "Look, a bird! Catch it!" All the doors and windows were quickly closed. The bird had no way to go outside but to fly up and down in the classroom.
A few minutes later, the bird flew more and more slowly. To my great joy, the bird fell down onto my desk. I caught it at once. I was surprised to find that it was a very beautiful bird. I had never seen such a bird. One of my classmates said, "Take it home and keep it. " But most of my classmates said that I should set it free. They said, "It's our duty to protect birds. "
I went out of the classroom with the little bird in my hands. I opened my hands and the poor thing stood up and flew away.
1. A bird flew in through an open window in the afternoon.
2. As the windows and doors were closed, the bird had to fly up and down in classroom.
3. After a long time, the bird flew more and more slowly.
4. One of the writer's classmate caught this bird.
5. Many of the classmates said that the bird should be set free.
B. Choose the best answer（依据短文内容，选择最适合的答案）
“Which meal（餐） do we all need most（最）, breakfast, lunch or dinner?” Miss Williams asks. Boys and girls put up their hands, they know the answer.
“What do you think, Jim?” “ Dinner.” He answered.
“ Dinner is the big meal of the day,” says Miss Williams, but I do not think it is the meal we need most.”
“Is the lunch the meal we need most?” Tom asks.
“No,” says Miss Williams. “ Breakfast is the meal we need most, why is this so?”
“Because we haven’t eaten anything for a long time.”
“ That’s right.” Says Miss Williams. “We need food every morning. What makes a good breakfast, give me your answers, boys and girls. Let me write them on the blackboard.” The students have many answers. But the first word Miss Williams writes on the blackboard is milk.
1. _______________ are talking about eating.
A. The mother and her children.
B. Some boys and girls.
C. The teacher and her students.
D. Jim and the teacher
2. Every day we need ____________ most.
A. breakfast B. lunch C. dinner D. snack
3. Miss Williams thinks it is _____________ to make a good breakfast.
A. no good B. cheap C. important D. easy
4. The first word Miss Williams writes on the blackboard is ___________.
A. breakfast B. meal C. milk D. water
5. The children are having a _____________.
A. picnic B. class C. game D. discussion
C.Read the passage and fill in the blanks with proper words．（在短文的空格内填入适合的单词，使其内容通顺，每空填一词，首字母已给出）
Every Monday is usually a very busy time in Shanghai. People usually rush （匆忙）to their jobs. My father goes to work by t_______, sometimes he takes the b________. I usually go to school on f_______. But sometimes I take the school bus, and my mother goes to the bank by u_________. The city is always very busy. There are a lot of bicycles, vans，motorbikes（摩托车） and c____ on the road. It’s full of traffic. They move very slowly.
__________
What weather do you like? Some people like s_______ days, because they can go to do what they like. And on vacation or at weekends, they like going to the beach to a_____ sunshine. It makes them relaxing. But they do not like rain. They always f______ sad when it rains. I like sunshine very much, and I enjoy rain as well. On r_______ days, I like to Listen to music, do some r______ or just look out of the window and daydream. I daydream about a wonderful holiday when I do not need to do my homework or feel nervous about the exam. Sometimes, I like to sleep when it rains. Sunshine can make one well around and rain can make one quiet. Which do you like?
Fill in the blanks about the story（阅读短文，填空，每线词数不限）
After my husband and I spent a morning at the zoo with Jim, our four-year-old son, we sTOPped at a restaurant for lunch. When the waiter handed us the menu, my husband reached into his pocket for his glasses. He was disappointed to find that they were lost. "I know where your glasses are, Dad. " said Jim.
"Where?" asked my husband.
"They are at the zoo," Jim answered, "When you took me off the train, they fell out of your pocket. "
My husband tried to control himself and asked, "Jim, when you saw my glasses fall out of my pocket, why didn't you tell me?"
"Well, Dad," said Jim, "After you put your foot on them, I didn't think you wanted them any more. "
1 . Where were Jim and his parents after they visited the zoo?
2. How old was Jim?
3. What did Jim's dad lost?
4. Where were the glasses?
5. Were the glasses broken?
Mr. Stone lives in a nice house with his wife. From Monday to Friday he works in an office near his house. He has a nice garden beside his house. Mr. Stone is busy on Saturdays and Sundays. Because he likes planting flowers in the garden. The flowers are very beautiful and Mrs. Stone likes them，too. So she often helps Mr. Stone in the garden.
1. Where does Mr. Stone live?
2. When does he work in an office?
3. Why is Mr. Stone busy at weekends?
4. How many days does Mr. Stone work in his garden?
Does Mrs. Stone often help Mr. Stone in the garden?
Keys:
【目前完成时】 D C D B D
【一般以后时】
Ⅰ. Choose the best answer.
B 2. A 3. C 4. B 5. C 6. B 7. A 8. C 9. C 10. B
Ⅱ. Fill in the blanks.
1. am going/will go 2. is coming/will come 3. is going to rain/will rain 4. am going to have/will have 5. is ... going to do/will ... do 6. are going to watch/will watch
7. is going/will go 8. are going to take/will take
Ⅲ. Rewrite the following sentences.
1. What is Mrs. Smith going to buy?
2. They won't have a meeting at 2:30 this afternoon.
3. Who will be your Chinese teacher?
4. Are the boys going to see a film on Children's Day?
5. What is her brother going to do this Saturday evening?
【课堂训练】
I. Choose the best answer
1—5 BCDAB 6～10 CBDCB 11—15 DBDAA
II. Complete the sentences with the given words in their proper forms．
1．swimming 2．be 3．helpful 4．fiftieth 5．important 6．my 7．others 8．playing
9．works 10．members 11．else 12．Friends 13．reuse
Ⅲ．Rewrite the sentences as required 1. taxi 2. bus 3. foot 4. underground 5. cars
1. Sunny 2. enjoy 3. feel 4. rainy 5. reading
D： 1 . They were at a restaurant. 2. He was four years old. 3. He lost his glasses. 4. They were at the zoo. 5. Yes, they were.
1. He lives in a nice house. 2. From Monday to Friday.
3. Because he likes planting flowers. 4. Two days. 5. Yes, she does.
